Use this reference whenever a card says “import”, “select” or “generate the solver”. The M1 lesson begins with a complete new-model exercise, so you can learn these operations in context.
步骤卡涉及“导入”“选择”“生成求解器”时，可随时参考此页。M1 从完整新建练习开始，让你在实际操作中学会这些动作。
1. Click the download link, save the TXT file to your practice resource folder, and open it once in a text editor. It contains tab-separated rows without a header. 2. Click the correct Parameters or Variables node in COMSOL. 3. Click Load from File below its table; use the icon’s tooltip if only icons are visible. 4. Select the saved TXT and click Open. 5. Check the first/last names and row count. 6. Save the model. If starting a new component in the same model, append only its new parameter names.
1. 点击下载链接，将 TXT 保存到自己的练习资源目录，用文本编辑器打开一次，确认内容是无表头的制表符分隔行。2. 在 COMSOL 点击正确的 Parameters 或 Variables 节点。3. 点击表格下方 Load from File；只有图标时看悬停提示。4. 选保存的 TXT，点击 Open。5. 检查首尾名称与行数。6. 保存模型。同一模型新增组件时只追加新参数名称。
Never import the heading line “Name Expression” as a parameter. For Global Equations, the four columns are Name, residual, initial value, initial derivative. Enter the visible rows manually if your file dialog does not recognize the four-column format. Expressions contain ASCII operators: * for multiplication, ^ for powers, and parentheses for grouping.
不能把“Name Expression”表头导入为参数。全局方程四列为名称、残差、初值、初始导数；若文件对话框不接受四列格式，按页面表格手动输入。表达式使用 ASCII 运算符：* 乘法、^ 次方、括号分组。
| Level / 层级 | Meaning / 含义 | Used here / 本项目用途 |
|---|---|---|
| Domain / 域 | A 3D volume / 三维体积 | Water, receiver, gel, population / 水、接收器、凝胶、泡群 |
| Boundary / 边界 | A 2D surface bounding a domain / 包围域的二维表面 | Matching flux, gel cavity load, radiation / 匹配通量、空腔载荷、辐射 |
| Entire model / 整个模型 | Local component expressions with global scalar availability / 组件表达式及可全局访问的标量 | Variables such as Vfree and Rfree / 例如 Vfree、Rfree 变量 |
When a selection field is active, clicking Graphics changes that selection. Click elsewhere before rotating the view. Use named selections from the Selection list, not remembered boundary numbers. For a Box selection, choose Entity inside box explicitly.
选择框激活时，点击 Graphics 会修改选择；旋转视图前先取消选择激活。使用 Selection 下拉框的命名选择，不依赖记忆边界编号。框选择必须明确选 Entity inside box。
To show weak contributions: Model Builder → Show More Options → Equation-Based Contributions. For extra solver/physics fields enable Advanced Study Options and Advanced Physics Options. Right-click Study → Show Default Solver creates Solver Configurations after the equations are entered. Expand triangles until you can see Dependent Variables and Time-Dependent/Stationary Solver.
弱贡献显示：模型开发器 → Show More Options → Equation-Based Contributions。高级求解／物理字段还需 Advanced Study Options、Advanced Physics Options。方程输入完成后右击 Study → Show Default Solver 创建求解器配置。逐层展开直到看到 Dependent Variables 和瞬态／稳态求解器。
Component Name determines cG.pAc or c.stretch; Label only changes the visible caption. Function name and Operator name must match the expressions, regardless of their tree labels. The bracket syntax 50[um] means a dimensional length; 50 without a unit means 50 in the current context. Uppercase X,Y,Z are material coordinates in the gel; lowercase x,y,z are spatial coordinates. They differ after deformation.
组件 Name 决定 cG.pAc、c.stretch 等前缀；Label 只改变显示标签。Function name 与 Operator name 必须匹配表达式，不能只改标签。50[um] 表示有量纲长度；不带单位的 50 使用当前上下文。凝胶中 X,Y,Z 为材料坐标，x,y,z 为空间坐标；变形后两者不同。
| Symptom / 现象 | First check / 首先检查 |
|---|---|
| Unknown variable / 未知变量 | Spelling, Name, component scope, selected result dataset / 拼写、Name、组件作用域、结果数据集 |
| Empty selection / 空选择 | Entity level, Inside-box condition, geometric Build All / 层级、框内条件、几何全部构建 |
| Missing material property / 缺少材料属性 | Active hyperelastic node and User defined property sources / 有效超弹性节点及自定义属性来源 |
| Singular matrix / 奇异矩阵 | Rigid-motion suppression in B; no unintended zero PDE mass in A / B 刚体运动抑制；A 质量系数没有误设零 |
| Failed to find consistent initial values / 初始一致性失败 | Phase initial guesses, copied EOS, equation rows / 相态初猜、EOS 文本、方程行 |
| Different peak after “refining” output times / 改输出时间后峰值变化 | Actual internal step and waveform/energy error, not only stored samples / 真正内部步长、波形／能量误差，不只看存储采样点 |
Menu wording can vary with a localized UI; the English labels here were checked against COMSOL 6.4 documentation. If a card cannot be completed, tell me the card number and the node/field you see; we will resolve that one operation before continuing.
本地化界面菜单文字可能不同；这里的英文名称已对照 COMSOL 6.4 文档。若某卡无法完成，告诉我卡号与看到的节点／字段，先解决该步再继续。