pGel pLP-p0-2*sigLL/Rfree Temp Tref*theta rhoLP rhoLref*exp(qL) rhoVP rhoVref*exp(qV) Vb Vfree pNeed pLP pLP pfpp(Temp/1[K],rhoLP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[Pa] pVP pfpp(Temp/1[K],rhoVP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[Pa] gLP pfpg(Temp/1[K],rhoLP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[J/kg] gVP pfpg(Temp/1[K],rhoVP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[J/kg] uLP pfpu(Temp/1[K],rhoLP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[J/kg] uVP pfpu(Temp/1[K],rhoVP/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[J/kg] fv (Vb-mp/rhoLP)/(mp*(1/rhoVP-1/rhoLP)) fvDropSized (Vb-(4*pi*a^3*rhoD/3)/rhoLP)/((4*pi*a^3*rhoD/3)*(1/rhoVP-1/rhoLP)) UP mp*((1-fv)*uLP+fv*uVP) Vgas fv*mp/rhoVP Rg (max(Vgas,4*pi*nucleusFloor^3/3)*3/(4*pi))^(1/3) shellThickness Rfree-Rg WsTotal iv(solid.Ws) Qmin UP-mp*pfpu(Tref/1[K],rhoD/(1[kg/m^3]))*1[J/kg]+WsTotal+p0*(Vb-4*pi*ad^3/3)+sigLL*Afree+4*pi*sigLV*Rg^2-4*pi*sigLL*ad^2 massResidual (rhoVP*(Vb-(1-fv)*mp/rhoLP)-fv*mp)/mp