# Factors Influencing the Repeated Transient Optical Droplet Vaporization Threshold and Lifetimes of Phase Change, Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets

- Title: Factors Influencing the Repeated Transient Optical Droplet Vaporization Threshold and Lifetimes of Phase Change, Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets
- Authors: Andrew X. Zhao; Yiying I. Zhu; Euisuk Chung; Jeehyun Lee; Samuel Morais; Heechul Yoon; Stanislav Emelianov
- Year: 2023
- DOI: 10.3390/nano13152238
- arXiv ID/URL: Not yet checked
- Source URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13152238
- Record type: journal-article
- Date searched: 2026-10-14
- Record origin: Existing project citation
- Evidence level: E: Europe PMC indexed abstract
- Access status: Metadata and abstract evidence; full-text access not verified.
- Lesson mapping: Chapter 2; Appendix A

## Two-sentence summary

PFC nanodroplet optical thresholds and reuse depend on shell composition and preconditioning.
High-frame-rate ultrasound measured repeated optical vaporization while formulations and imaging parameters were varied.

## Provenance

Local citation locations:

- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/DERIVATION.tex:471`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/index.html:45`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/index.html:398`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/REPORT.md:111`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/REPORT.zh.md:111`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/SOURCES.md:13`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/SOURCES.zh.md:13`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/scripts/build_comparison.py:196`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/scripts/reader_text.py:29`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/scripts/reader_text.py:156`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/scripts/reader_text.py:339`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_evidence.md:64`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_provenance.json:66`
- `modeling/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_provenance.json:67`
- `reports/Cavitation_Limits_20261011/expert_resolution/sources/context/finite_pfc_report.txt:111`
- `reports/Cavitation_Limits_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-update/REPORT.txt:111`
- `reports/Cavitation_Limits_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-update/SOURCES.txt:13`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/analysis/Laser_Triggered_Cavitation_Transfer_Supervisor_Progress_20260919_Full_Figures_Retypeset.slide_library.json:332`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/analysis/Laser_Triggered_Cavitation_Transfer_Supervisor_Progress_20260919_No_Speaker_Notes_With_References.slide_library.json:332`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/Laser_Triggered_Cavitation_Transfer_Supervisor_Progress_20260919_Full_Figures_Retypeset.md:58`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/Laser_Triggered_Cavitation_Transfer_Supervisor_Progress_20260919_No_Speaker_Notes_With_References.md:54`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/DERIVATION.tex:471`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/index.html:43`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/index.html:394`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/REPORT.md:111`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/SOURCES.md:13`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/scripts/build_comparison.py:196`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_evidence.md:64`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_provenance.json:66`
- `reports/PFC_Project_Report_20261011_ppt169_20261011/sources/embedded-pfc-feasibility/sources/prior_interface_provenance.json:67`

## Applicability and gaps

Population ultrasound onset differs from single-inclusion activation. Shell, temperature, and conditioning must match.

## Merged discovery url_1af5d4bd60d50af4.md

- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37570555/

## Evidence review

- Date read: 2026-10-18
- Source read: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=DOI%3A10.3390%2Fnano13152238&resultType=core&format=json
- Locator: Indexed abstract: thresholds, shells, preconditioning, and lifetimes