# Formation of toroidal bubbles from acoustic droplet vaporization

- Title: Formation of toroidal bubbles from acoustic droplet vaporization
- Authors: David S. Li; Oliver D. Kripfgans; Mario L. Fabiilli; J. Brian Fowlkes; Joseph L. Bull
- Year: 2014
- DOI: 10.1063/1.4864289
- arXiv ID/URL: Not yet checked
- Source URL: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864289
- Record type: journal-article
- Date searched: 2026-10-14
- Record origin: Existing project citation
- Evidence level: Metadata verified; title-based topic summary; experiments unverified
- Access status: Metadata only; full-text access not yet checked.
- Lesson mapping: Background or peripheral citation; placement unreviewed.

## Two-sentence summary

This work addresses Formation of toroidal bubbles from acoustic droplet vaporization.
Experiments performed remain unverified pending methods or explicit abstract evidence.

## Provenance

Canonical metadata: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1063%2F1.4864289

Venue: Applied Physics Letters

Local citation locations:

- `reports/Cavitation_Limits_20261011/expert_resolution/sources/literature/PMC10517405.txt:1`

## Applicability and gaps

Project-specific thresholds and transfer performance remain unverified.